Rubbing Resistance
Physical testing of fabric resistance to color transfer by surface friction evaluates the durability of dye bonds under dry conditions. The procedure for ISO 105 X12 dry crocking measures the amount of color transferred from the surface of a textile to a dry, undyed cotton rubbing cloth. This friction test is used worldwide to determine if loose dye or pigment particles remain on the fabric surface.
It helps manufacturers identify poorly fixed dyestuffs before finished garments reach retail stores.
Technical Apparatus
Execution of the test uses a standard crockmeter that moves a dry rubbing finger across the test fabric under a fixed force. The finger is covered with a standard, dry cotton cloth and is moved back and forth along a straight line. This mechanical motion consists of ten complete cycles executed at a steady rate.
Consistent speed and pressure are maintained to guarantee reproducible results across different testing laboratories.
Evaluation Method
Visual rating of the dry rubbing cloth employs the grey scale for staining. The tested cloth is compared against unused white cotton fabric under a standard daylight simulator. A rating of five signifies no staining, whereas a grade of one indicates severe color transfer.
This rating translates directly into performance expectations for garments like denim or upholstery fabrics where friction is frequent.
Production Remedy
Improving a poor rating requires modifying the finishing process. This often involves executing an extra after-soaping cycle.
