Material Composition
Block copolymers consisting of soft segments that provide stretch and hard segments that act as physical cross links form the basis of elastic textile fibres. A polyurethane elastomer is the chemical foundation of spandex or elastane used in form fitting apparel. These materials allow for reversible elongation of over 500 percent without structural failure.
Fibre Spinning
Solution dry spinning involves extruding the polymer through spinnerets into a heated chamber where the solvent evaporates. The resulting polyurethane elastomer filament is wound onto bobbins for further textile processing. Heat sensitivity during this stage must be managed to prevent the strands from sticking together.
Fabric Performance
Blending small percentages of the polymer into a base fabric adds functional comfort and recovery properties. If the polyurethane elastomer is exposed to high heat or chlorine, it loses its elasticity and the fabric becomes limp. Monitoring the ratio of the blend is necessary for maintaining the hand feel of the garment.
Technical Durability
Oxidation and UV exposure can degrade the chemical bonds over time leading to yellowing or brittleness. High quality polyurethane elastomer is engineered with stabilizers to resist the effects of sweat and oils. Consistency in the raw polymer ensures that the final garment meets the longevity expectations of the consumer.
