Quantifying Radial Fixation Gradients in Ultra High Twist Viscose Ply Yarns under Dynamic Alkali Steaming
Dense viscose ply yarns require controlled swelling alkali blends to eliminate core fixation gradients during dynamic steam fixation.
Wet Rub Fastness
Surface Durability
Resistance to color transfer from a textile surface to a wet white cloth through mechanical friction defines the stability of the finishing process. Wet rub fastness measures the amount of dye that migrates when a fabric is subjected to a standardized rubbing test while damp.
Testing Method
Crockmeter instruments move a weighted peg covered in a wet cotton lawn fabric across the surface of the specimen for a set number of cycles. Results for wet rub fastness are graded on a grey scale from 1 to 5, where a higher number indicates less staining. This test is more severe than the dry version because moisture lubricates the dye molecules and increases their mobility.
Finishing Quality
High pigment loads or poor dye fixation often lead to failure in this specific quality parameter. Improving wet rub fastness involves better washing off procedures to remove unfixed color or the application of specialized fixing agents that crosslink the dye to the fibre. Deep shades such as navy or black are particularly prone to low ratings and require extra attention during the finishing stages.
Commercial Standard
Retailers usually require a minimum grade of 2 or 3 for dark colors. Garments failing this test risk staining the skin or lighter colored clothing worn by the consumer.