Dimensional Change
Disparity in the rate of shrinkage or drawing-in between the selvedges and the middle portion of a fabric emerges during wet processing or finishing. An edge to center contraction occurs because the center of the web is constrained by the surrounding material while the edges are relatively free to move. This phenomenon is most visible during wet processing or heat setting on a stenter frame.
Stress Distribution
Tension across the width of a rolling cloth is rarely uniform due to the physics of the winding and pulling mechanisms. In many dyeing and finishing operations, the edges of the fabric dry faster or experience different mechanical forces than the center. If edge to center contraction is not controlled, the fabric develops a baggy center or tight edges.
This imbalance complicates the cutting and sewing process in garment factories.
Width Measurement
Inspected rolls are checked for width consistency at multiple points to detect these internal stresses. A mill that fails to manage edge to center contraction will produce fabric that deviates from the specified cuttable width. This defect leads to substantial waste during the marker making stage for apparel production.
Corrective Action
Stenter machines use overfeed controls and specialized pinning systems to counteract the tendency of the fabric to contract unevenly. Proper adjustment of the air nozzles and temperature zones helps maintain a consistent moisture profile across the web.
