Composite Construction
Multi-layered composite filaments consist of a core elastomer wrapped by two separate layers of cover yarn. This double covered yarn provides high elasticity with superior surface protection compared to single-wrapped varieties. The first layer usually spirals in a clockwise direction while the second layer wraps counter-clockwise to balance torque.
Torque Balance
Opposing rotational forces prevent the finished strand from snarling or twisting during knitting and weaving processes. If the inner and outer wraps did not counter-act each other, the resulting fabric would exhibit notable skewing or spiraling. Balanced tension across both layers ensures the yarn remains flat and stable on the machine.
Physical Protection
Dense outer coverage shields the sensitive inner core from mechanical abrasion and chemical exposure during dyeing. Single-covered strands often leave gaps where the rubber or spandex is visible, whereas double covered yarn creates a continuous barrier that improves hand feel and durability. Fabrics made from these yarns withstand more rigorous laundering cycles without losing stretch recovery properties.
Performance Comparison
Production speeds for these materials are slower than those for single-wrap or air-covered alternatives because the spindles must rotate at high speeds to achieve the required twists per inch. This additional processing time results in a more expensive product. Technical hosiery and compression garments rely on this specific construction to maintain consistent pressure over long periods of wear.
Regular maintenance of the hollow spindles is necessary to prevent vibration that could cause irregularities in the wrap density.