Fabric Modification
Application of crosslinking chemicals to cellulosic fabrics to impart properties such as crease resistance and shrinkage control. This chemical treatment modifies the molecular structure of the fiber to prevent the sliding of polymer chains when the material is wet or stressed. It is a fundamental process for producing easy-care cotton and rayon garments.
The resin finishing stage occurs during the final wet processing of the fabric.
Chemical Mechanism
Most formulations use urea-formaldehyde or dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea to form bridges between the cellulose molecules. These bonds lock the fabric in its flat state and reduce the tendency of the material to wrinkle. Excessive resin application can lead to a measurable loss in tensile and tear strength.
Process Control
Careful monitoring of the curing temperature and the pH level is required to ensure the reaction goes to completion without damaging the cloth. If the heat is too low, the finish will not be durable; if it is too high, the fabric may yellow. Proper washing after curing removes unreacted chemicals and reduces the risk of formaldehyde release.
Performance Testing
Laboratories evaluate the success of the treatment by measuring the wrinkle recovery angle and the dimensional stability of the goods.
