Testing Standard
European safety regulations establish specific methodologies for measuring the concentration of heavy metals in textile materials and accessories. The multi-part standard EN 16711 details the procedures for determining both the total metal content and the extractable metal content in garments. It covers harmful elements such as lead, cadmium, nickel and chromium that may be present in dyes, pigments or metal trim.
This protocol applies to all clothing items sold within the European Union.
Metal Extraction
The extraction process simulates the release of heavy metals from the fabric surface under typical wear conditions. For extractable metals, the standard specifies the use of an acidic sweat solution to mimic contact with human skin. In contrast, total metal determination requires complete acid digestion to dissolve the entire textile structure.
These distinct pathways address different toxicity risks associated with wearing treated fabrics.
Laboratory Phase
After extraction or digestion, the liquid samples are introduced into an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer for quantitative analysis. The instrument measures the characteristic emission wavelengths of each metal to determine its concentration down to parts per million. These measurements are compared directly with the limit values set by brands and regulatory bodies.
The testing laboratory then issues a compliance report.
Factory Audit
Manufacturers use these standardized test results to verify that their dyeing and finishing processes do not introduce metal contaminants. Independent audits rely on EN 16711 to certify that production batches comply with buyer requirements. This oversight ensures garment safety.
